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Basics of Skincare

Where to Start

First, identify your skin type. Once you understand your skin type and specific concerns, you can choose from a wide range of products designed to address them effectively.

How to Identify your skin type

Start with Cleansing your face with whatever cleanser is available

Wait out for 30 mins by going about your day and then observe how your skin looks/feels to identify your skin type.

If your skin feels well-balanced—neither too dry nor too oily—has a smooth texture, and doesn’t feel congested, you likely have a normal skin type. Additionally, if your skin doesn’t react sensitively to products or show noticeable changes due to environmental stressors, it further indicates a normal skin type:

normal skin type

If your skin feels dry, rough, tight, or scaly/flaky to the point where you can visibly see peeling, appears dull, or has accentuated fine lines, then you likely have a dry skin type:

dry skin type

If your skin feels a bit shiny/greasy, enlarged and visible pores then you have a oily skin type.

Oily skin type

If you have an Oily T-zone with visible pores & shininess  but your cheeks are normal to dry with potentially rough and dull appearance then you are of a combination skin type. However, this does not necessarily indicate solely a combination of oily and dry skin; it can refer to any combination of skin types.

combination skin type

If your skin feels the following: 

  • Tight for a prolonged period after cleansing 
  • Appears oilier than usual
  • looks dull and uneven
  • Suddenly sagging hollowness, or fine lines 

These are signs it may be dehydrated. Dehydrated skin lacks water, which compromises its plumpness, firmness, and overall health. This can result in increased congestion, uneven texture, breakouts, and heightened sensitivity. Often accompanied by redness and inflammation.

And there are people who are Dry and Dehydrated, Oily and Dehydrated, Combination and Dehydrated.

And apart from the above categories, if at all your skin is more reactive to skincare products or environmental triggers like pollution your skin must be on the sensitive side

sensitive skin type

And we should also keep in mind that skin type can change with age, hormones, climatic conditions/seasonal changes and with the medication we use.

Always keep in mind that skin care is YMMV(your mileage may vary). 

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How to use Benzoyl Peroxide to prevent and treat acne

Benzoyl Peroxide

1. Overview & Uses

What is Benzoyl Peroxide?

Benzoyl peroxide is a widely used over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription topical medication for treating acne. It is classified as an antibacterial and keratolytic (peeling agent) that helps unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and kill acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes).

What is Benzoyl Peroxide Used For?

  • Acne Treatment: Effective against mild to moderate acne, including pimples, cystic acne, blackheads, and whiteheads.
  • Spot Treatment: Can be applied directly to active breakouts to reduce redness and swelling.
  • Combination Therapy: Often used with other acne treatments like retinoids or antibiotics.
  • Other Uses: It is sometimes prescribed for conditions like folliculitis and rosacea.

How Does Benzoyl Peroxide Work?

  • Antibacterial Action: Kills acne-causing bacteria by introducing oxygen into clogged pores, making the environment inhospitable for bacteria.
  • Exfoliation: Removes dead skin cells, preventing clogged pores.
  • Oil Reduction: Reduces excess sebum, one of the main contributors to acne formation.

2. How to Use & Dosage

Proper Application of Benzoyl Peroxide

    • Wash your hands before and after applying.
    • Cleanse the skin with a gentle, non-medicated cleanser and pat dry.
    • Apply a thin layer of benzoyl peroxide gel, cream, or lotion to the affected area.
    • Rub it in gently and allow it to dry completely before applying other products.
    • Avoid overuse, as this can lead to irritation and excessive dryness.

Dosage & Concentrations

  • Available Strengths: 2.5%, 5%, and 10% formulations.
  • Gels & Creams: Typically applied once or twice daily.
  • Face Washes & Cleansers: Often used once daily or every other day, depending on skin tolerance.
  • Spot Treatments: A higher concentration may be used for localized breakouts.

Missed Dose & Overuse

  • Missed Dose: Apply as soon as remembered unless it’s close to the next scheduled application. Avoid double-dosing.
  • Overuse Risks: Excessive application can cause severe dryness, redness, peeling, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. If irritation occurs, reduce usage frequency.

3. Application Tips & Warnings

Best Practices for Safe Use

  • Avoid the Eyes & Mucous Membranes: If contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water.
  • Sun Protection: Benzoyl peroxide increases photosensitivity; always wear sunscreen (SPF 30+) and limit sun exposure.
  • Avoid Contact with Hair & Fabrics: May cause bleaching or discoloration of clothing, towels, and bedding.

Reducing Irritation & Sensitivity

  • Start with a Lower Concentration: A 2.5% formulation is effective for most users while minimizing irritation.
  • Gradual Introduction: Begin with every other day application and increase as tolerated.
  • Moisturize Regularly: Use a non-comedogenic moisturizer to prevent excessive dryness.

When to Discontinue Use

  • If severe irritation, swelling, or blisters develop, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. Side Effects & Precautions

Common Side Effects

  • Mild Irritation: Dryness, peeling, and redness may occur, especially in the first few weeks.
  • Burning or Tingling Sensation: A mild warming effect is normal upon application.

Serious Side Effects (Rare but Important)

  • Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis): Symptoms include swelling, rash, difficulty breathing, or dizziness. Seek emergency medical attention immediately.
  • Severe Skin Irritation: Blisters, excessive peeling, or pain require discontinuation and medical advice.

When to See a Doctor

  • If irritation persists for more than four weeks.
  • If acne worsens significantly.
  • If signs of infection (pus, fever) develop

5. Drug & Medical Interactions

Potential Drug Interactions

  • Other Acne Medications: Using benzoyl peroxide alongside retinoids (like tretinoin) may increase irritation. It is best to apply them at different times (e.g., benzoyl peroxide in the morning, retinoid at night).
  • Topical Antibiotics (Clindamycin, Erythromycin): Can be safely combined but should be used under a doctor’s guidance.

Food & Drink Interactions

  • No known interactions, but maintaining a balanced diet can help with overall skin health.

Who Should Not Use Benzoyl Peroxide?

  • Individuals with severe allergies to peroxide-based products.
  • Those with extremely sensitive or broken skin.
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use.

6. Storage & Handling

Proper Storage

  • Keep benzoyl peroxide in a cool, dry place (below 25°C or 77°F).
  • Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and heat, as the compound can become unstable.
  • Keep tightly closed and away from moisture (do not store in the bathroom).

Shelf Life & Disposal

  • Check expiration dates before use.
  • Dispose of expired or unused products in accordance with local regulations.

7. Additional Considerations

Long-Term Use & Skin Health

  • Prolonged use is safe when monitored properly, but periodic assessment by a dermatologist is recommended.
  • If acne persists despite benzoyl peroxide use, alternative treatments such as prescription-strength retinoids or oral medications may be necessary.

Can Benzoyl Peroxide Be Shared?

  • No. Personal medications should not be shared due to potential skin reactions and different individual needs.

Final Takeaway

  • Benzoyl peroxide is a highly effective acne treatment when used correctly and consistently. While it has potential side effects, they are generally manageable with proper precautions. Always consult a healthcare provider if experiencing severe reactions or if acne does not improve.